How much do you know about computer room security: inventory common computer room security risks and Solutions

With the continuous development of the Internet and big data era, many enterprises begin to build their own computer rooms for storing data and operating systems. The safe and efficient operation of the computer room can ensure the safety and smooth flow of network and communication. Therefore, the security of the computer room must be paid enough attention, but do you understand the hidden dangers of the computer room? Here is a summary of the potential safety hazards and solutions in the computer room.
Places where potential safety hazards need to be investigated in the computer room
(1) Check the key links of local points, cabinets, movable ring monitoring, monitoring test, machine room dust prevention, rat prevention, normal air conditioning operation test, etc. one by one;
(2) Fire safety inspection. Check whether the machine room is equipped with fire-fighting equipment as required, and whether the powder and gas replacement of the fire extinguisher are within the validity period;
(3) Inspection of power supply equipment and storage battery, focusing on whether the incoming line of external power, the switchgear are standardized, whether there are hidden dangers of external influence and aging, whether the line switchgear meets the standard, whether the fuse meets the standard, etc;
(4) Carry out targeted equipment renovation and optimization to improve asset utilization efficiency. At the same time, for the prominent problems and existing weak links found in the safety inspection, formulate rectification measures, and do a good job in the preliminary investigation and planning for various equipment renovation in the next step, so as to ensure the safety and smoothness of communication.
Potential safety hazards of computer room

(1) Common accidents in the computer room include electrical accidents, fire accidents, explosion accidents, equipment damage accidents and communication blocking accidents.
(2) Electrical accidents in computer room are the most common hidden dangers of computer room safety.
(3) Electrical accidents in the machine room mainly include current injury accident, electromagnetic field injury accident, lightning accident, electrostatic accident, electrical fire and explosion and some circuit faults.
The main technical manifestations of electrical accidents in the machine room are as follows:
1. Insulation damage: the insulation of the electrical equipment in the machine room is damaged and the insulation resistance is unqualified.
2. Insufficient safety distance: the live part of the equipment does not keep a certain safety distance from the ground and other live parts.
3. Unreasonable grounding; The low-voltage power system is not equipped with proper grounding, protection and safety devices.
4. Inadequate electrical protection measures: special safety measures are not taken according to the characteristics and requirements of electrical equipment in some machine rooms, such as installing high-voltage fuses and circuit breakers for various high-voltage power equipment; Corresponding low-voltage electrical protection measures shall be taken for low-voltage electrical equipment.
5. No obvious safety signs: no obvious safety signs are set in the construction, installation and use of electrical equipment in the machine room.
Nine electrical hidden dangers of computer room
1. There are no documents for electrical circuit laying to be checked
No one can read the diagram to see which circuits each air switch is responsible for, and which power circuit switches should be turned off during maintenance.
The main consequences are: if a cabinet needs collective maintenance and separation test, it is difficult for the construction personnel to judge how to operate. If misoperation is carried out, it is easy to cause power failure and downtime of other online equipment. For a machine room with a sound safety, stability and maintenance system, a complete set of electrical system drawings must be established, which should be detailed to each circuit of the switch distribution box, the wire diameter, which regional equipment is responsible, the number and identification code of the air switch, etc. As long as it is a professional strong current construction, professionals will do it clearly.
2. Private pulling and disorderly connection of power circuit
The power distribution box of the machine room did not make power planning and circuit reservation at the initial stage of design. Therefore, new circuits are continuously connected to the distribution box, so that the power capacity of the distribution box far exceeds the original design level. It is easy to imagine that we will see that a distribution box is filled with cables of various colors and thicknesses, and the termination level of these cables is very poor, and they are not terminated in accordance with relevant national mandatory standards.
The main consequences are as follows: A. poor cable extension and high-temperature hidden dangers are buried at the grafting. In case of short circuit and strong surge, the insulating part is burned, which is easy to cause a fire in the machine room. According to the statistics in actual work, most of the fire problems are caused by this kind of situation. b. The distribution boxes produced by some manufacturers are overlapped and bolted on the bus, so the heat dissipation is not good, and the load is heavy, resulting in continuous faults.
3. The box temperature is too high
When dense power cables operate for a long time, the temperature in the distribution cabinet in the machine room may exceed 40 degrees, which has exceeded the box operating temperature mandated by the state.
The main consequences are: it is easy to accelerate the aging of cable insulation. The material design of cable insulation skin has certain operating environment requirements. Once the cable runs under high load for a long time, the temperature outside the insulation skin exceeds the design temperature, short circuit and other problems will lead to the reduction of insulation performance. Once the insulation performance is reduced, it is often accompanied by serious fire problems such as open fire.
4. Incomplete distribution box
Incomplete distribution box will also cause serious potential safety hazards, especially for the superior distribution box of the machine room, if the large switch cabinet placed in the strong current distribution room is not tightly closed and foreign matters enter, it will cause serious potential safety hazards to the machine room.
The main consequences are: rats, cockroaches and other animals that are easy to build nests in various warm and mild places are likely to come to the loosely closed distribution box through the pipeline, which is very easy to cause the accident of cable biting and short circuit.
5. The main route cable is not armored, rat proof or fireproof
This mainly refers to the power supply cable from the primary distribution cabinet to the machine room, which is the main routing cable. Most of the time, this cable is installed overhead without pipe trough. Therefore, various foreseeable harsh environments will test the safety of the cable, such as the gnawing of rats, the damage of insulation skin caused by short circuit and even fire. Therefore, this section of cable must be armored, rat proof and flame retardant.
The main consequences are as follows: if it is not fireproof and flame retardant, it will first not comply with the safety specifications of the computer room site. The consideration of rat prevention is to prevent rats from biting the space placed in the ceiling, causing damage to the insulating skin, resulting in open circuit or even short circuit.
6. Two circuits of electricity become one and enter the machine room
I'll clean up illiteracy for you. If you're a user, please pay attention. We often say that there are two kinds of power redundancy guarantee: dual power supply and dual power supply.
In the above way, there are two sets of power supply devices from circuit to cable, that is, dual power supply, which can allow a single point of failure at any position without affecting the use of the IT equipment at the end. Please note that I use two colors to represent the cables here. Circuit 1 and circuit 2 enter the power distribution cabinet of the machine room through two power supply cables from different positions at the same time, and the power distribution cabinet also enters the two rows in the cabinet through two cables. This is the real dual power supply mode, with the highest safety and reliability.
The above is a relatively lazy practice. However, it may not be lazy. Due to the problem of capital cost, it may also occur. Let's talk about the disadvantages of this practice first. Circuit 1 and circuit 2 conduct an ATS dual power switching before being sent to the power distribution cabinet in the machine room, which means that there are two circuit sequences of main and standby. The mechanism is to use the main power supply until the main power supply stops and automatically switch to the standby circuit of large work. It seems safe, but don't forget that this mode only uses one main cable to transmit power. Once there is any problem with this cable, the computer room will lose two power sources.
The above practice is not reliable. It is suggested that all machine rooms with a higher degree of importance should eliminate the existence of this practice. Other connection methods will not be repeated because of various power consumption environments. Please check whether there is a possibility of equipment shutdown or even damage caused by a single point of failure in your power supply system.
7. Provide redundant power supply for lighting circuit with ups
This situation is strictly required to be avoided in the standard safety specification. It electrical equipment and lighting cannot be in the same power network. If there are redundant power requirements for lighting, EPS should be used as a professional backup support for lighting power supply.
8. The temporary power is taken from the main power gate of the machine room
I have personally seen that the engineers of a system integration company use an impact drill when working in the machine room. The power line is not thick enough. They actually poke the cable into the general air switch of the main distribution cabinet to directly take power. This is absolutely not allowed. The terminal electrical equipment must not take the power of the general air switch, which will have many potential safety hazards.
9. Strong current cables and weak current cables are directly exposed and routed under the floor
As I saw with my own eyes, when I opened the anti-static floor, there were full video lines, power lines, network lines, optical fiber lines, etc. they were worn casually in all directions. Some positions of strong and weak current cables were directly pasted together, which seriously did not meet the power and network installation specifications. There may be some historical reasons for such construction, but it is a good counter example in reality. Don't make the same mistake. This picture was released without taking pictures, but it's easy to imagine!
Solution of potential safety hazards in computer room

1. Power supply problem
Although many network managers know the power supply problem in the computer room, it has not attracted enough attention in practical work. In daily application, it often happens that the UPS is not connected or the ups battery is damaged and not replaced. Once a power failure accident occurs, all devices will be shut down immediately, which will cause great damage to network devices, especially NAS storage devices, which may cause data loss and damage. In addition, the impact of sudden power failure on the server hard disk in the computer room is also huge, which will reduce the service life of the hard disk to a great extent.
2. UPS equipment
Other people have problems in understanding the UPS equipment and think that the UPS system can be used only when the power is interrupted. In fact, for the outer suburbs where the old power supply line or the municipal power voltage is often unstable, if the municipal power is directly connected to the network equipment and server, the unstable voltage will cause damage to the relevant hardware. The utility power is introduced into the ups, and then the ups provides power for the network equipment. In this process, the ups plays a role in stabilizing the voltage, which can avoid frequent failures of the network equipment. I believe that if the preliminary preparations are fully done, this part of the work will not bother you any more.
3. Fire problems
The fire protection design of the machine room includes smoke alarm and gas fire extinguishing. Smoke alarm is mainly in the form of ceiling type and cable type smoke detectors. The protection radius of ceiling smoke detector is generally not more than 5.8m, and the distance from the wall, air outlet and girder is not less than 0.5m. Cable smoke detectors can be laid along the wall.
The air duct that must pass through the machine room shall be provided with a fire damper at the place passing through the wall (automatically closed when the ambient temperature reaches 70 ° C). The function of gas fire extinguishing system is similar to that of sprinkler system in ordinary office. Its design points include the selection of system type and structure, the determination of fire extinguishing agent concentration, gas injection time, fire extinguishing agent dosage and immersion time. The types of gas fire extinguishing systems are mainly carbon dioxide fire extinguishing systems and halogenated alkane fire extinguishing systems.
In addition, the room is equipped with AC and DC dual power emergency lights, fire accident broadcasting, 119 special line fire telephone, fire alarm button and other fire-fighting facilities. The decoration materials of the machine room shall meet the requirements of relevant fire prevention specifications. It is necessary to timely check whether the pressure of the steel cylinder is within the normal range and replenish chemicals in time.